Was known as the “Hypo Helmet” because the chemical solution included sodium hyposulphite as well as sodium bicarbonate and glycerine. The hood was a flannel bag soaked in a chemical solution, with a visor of mica. His prototype was based on a captured German helmet, which he covered with a cloth hood. Who began working on the mask soon after the first gas attack on 22 April 1915. It was designed by Captain Cluny Macpherson, medical officer of the First Newfoundland Regiment, The Black Veil Respirator was quickly replaced by the Hypo Helmet (or Smoke Helmet). Veil Respirator, which had a string to hold the pad in place. On, the army issued 30,000 gauze-wrapped cotton pads that were saturated in sodium bicarbonate and held over the nose and mouth. As gas attacks continued, the BritishĪrmy struggled to protect its soldiers. This way, the chlorine would crystallize on the cloth before reaching their lungs. Canadian troops were quickly ordered to hold cloth soaked in water or urine over their faces. Many died while most survivors suffered lifelong lung problems.Ī second gas attack came two days later. Men were blinded, and their lung tissue destroyed. When the gas combined with moisture in the eyes, nose and lungs, it became an acid that caused burns and blisters. The cloud of yellow-green gas (about 10 km wide and 1 km deep) drifted over the Algerian (French) and Canadian lines and settled in the trenches. On 22 April 1915 during the Second Battle of Ypres, the German army launched the first chlorine gas attack of the war, releasing approximately 160 tons of gas into the air.
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